nave

A nicer alternative to nvm. This one doesn't make my terminal startup time 400 times slower. That's not an exageration, nvm literally multiplied my terminal startup time by a little over 400.

npm

Package/Project manager for node.

yarn

Package/Project manager for node. Alternative to npm.

commonjs

Widely used approach to bolted-on js modules. Used by most packages on npm.

ECMAScript modules

CommonJS modules work fairly well, but are still a bit of a hack. ES modules were thus introduced in 2015 as an improved standard.