raw ISO

Get some info about the dvd/cd

isoinfo -d -i /dev/sr1 | grep -i -E 'block size|volume size'
Logical block size is: 2048
Volume size is: 2264834

Use the info in the dd command

dd if=/dev/sr0 of=/mnt/incoming/test.iso bs=2048 count=2264834

Compare the md5 sums

md5sum /mnt/incoming/test.iso
md5sum /dev/sr0

dvd vob copy

Mount the iso file

sudo mkdir /mnt/disk
sudo mount -o loop /path/to/disk.iso /mnt/disk

Copy the dvd contents to VOBs in a directory

mkdir disk_backup_folder
cd disk_backup_folder
dvdbackup -M -p -i /mnt/disk

useful ffmpeg converts

First cat the vobs you want to use

cat 1.VOB 2.VOB 3.VOB > main_title.VOB

mpeg container (no codec conversion / no quality drop)

ffmpeg -i main_title.VOB -c:v copy -c:a copy main_title.mpg

vp9 High Quality

ffmpeg -i main_title.VOB -c:v libvpx-vp9 -crf 15 -quality best -pix_fmt yuv420p -b:v 0 main_title.webm

• crf (range from 0-63 with lower being better)
• note: crf 0 is not lossless; see lossless vp9 below
• quality is how long the compression will take and how small the filesize will be (it doesn't change the visual quality)
• quality can be realtime, good, or best in order from fastest to slowest. Slower means smaller file size.
• webm is the prefered container for vp9 but others may work
• pix_fmt sets the pixel color format so browsers can stream the file and not throw errors

vp9 Med Quality

ffmpeg -i main_title.VOB -c:v libvpx-vp9 -crf 31 -quality best -pix_fmt yuv420p -b:v 0 main_title.webm

• suggested settings for 1080p
• very good sweet spot for quality

vp9 Low Quality

ffmpeg -i main_title.VOB -c:v libvpx-vp9 -crf 40 -quality best -pix_fmt yuv420p -b:v 0 main_title.webm

• good for filesize and web streaming

vp9 lossless

ffmpeg -i main_title.VOB -c:v libvpx-vp9 -lossless 1 main_title.webm

• since this is a codec change it's technically lossy
• that said it should visually be lossless compared to the vob or the mpg
• crf 0 will NOT do this

H.264

Convert to h264 High Quality

ffmpeg -i main_title.VOB -c:v libx264 -preset veryslow -crf 16 -pix_fmt yuv420p -movflags +faststart -c:a copy main_title.mp4

Convert to h264 Med Quality

ffmpeg -i main_title.VOB -c:v libx264 -preset veryslow -crf 23 -pix_fmt yuv420p -movflags +faststart -c:a copy main_title.mp4

Convert to h264 Low Quality

ffmpeg -i main_title.VOB -c:v libx264 -preset veryslow -crf 29 -pix_fmt yuv420p -movflags +faststart -c:a copy main_title.mp4

H.265

Convert to h265 Med Quality

ffmpeg -i input -c:v libx265 -preset veryslow -crf 28 -pix_fmt yuv420p -movflags +faststart -c:a aac -b:a 192k output.mp4